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  4. usermod(8)

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USERMOD(8) Commandes de gestion du systèm USERMOD(8)

NOM

usermod - Modifier un compte utilisateur

SYNOPSIS

usermod [options] LOGIN

DESCRIPTION

The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.

OPTIONS

The options which apply to the usermod command are:

-a, --append

Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.

-c, --comment COMMENT

The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn(1) utility.

-d, --home HOME_DIR

Le nouveau répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur.

If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.

-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE

The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.

An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.

This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.

-f, --inactive INACTIVE

Nombre de jours suivant la fin de validité d'un mot de passe après lequel le compte est définitivement désactivé.

Une valeur de 0 désactive le compte dès que le mot de passe a dépassé sa fin de validité, et une valeur de -1 désactive cette fonctionnalité.

This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.

-g, --gid GROUP

Nom du groupe ou identifiant numérique du groupe de connexion initial de l'utilisateur. Le groupe doit exister.

Tout fichier du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur appartenant au groupe primaire précédent de l'utilisateur appartiendra à ce nouveau groupe.

Le groupe propriétaire des fichiers en dehors du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur doit être modifié manuellement.

The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.

-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]

A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the -g option.

If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.

-l, --login NEW_LOGIN

The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.

-L, --lock

Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.

Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.

-m, --move-home

Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.

This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.

usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.

-o, --non-unique

When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.

-p, --password PASSWORD

The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).

Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.

Il est nécessaire de vérifier si le mot de passe respecte la politique de mots de passe du système.

-R, --root CHROOT_DIR

Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.

-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR

Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.

-s, --shell SHELL

Nom du nouvel interpréteur de commandes initial (« login shell ») de l'utilisateur. Si ce champ est vide, le système sélectionnera l'interpréteur de commandes initial par défaut.

-u, --uid UID

La valeur numérique de l'identifiant de l'utilisateur.

This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.

La boîte aux lettres et tous les fichiers possédés par l'utilisateur et qui sont situés dans son répertoire personnel verront leur identifiant d'utilisateur automatiquement modifié.

Le propriétaire des fichiers en dehors du répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur doit être modifié manuellement.

The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.

No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.

-U, --unlock

Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with -p or -L.

Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).

-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST

Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST

Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST

Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST

Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER

Le nouvel utilisateur SELinux utilisé pour la connexion de l'utilisateur.

A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).

AVERTISSEMENTS

You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.

You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.

Les modifications qui concernent NIS doivent être effectuées sur le serveur NIS.

CONFIGURATION

The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

MAIL_DIR (string)

Répertoire d'attente des courriels (« mail spool directory »). Ce paramètre est nécessaire pour manipuler les boîtes à lettres lorsque le compte d'un utilisateur est modifié ou supprimé. S'il n'est pas spécifié, une valeur par défaut définie à la compilation est utilisée.

MAIL_FILE (string)

Définir l'emplacement des boîtes aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement à leur répertoire personnel.

The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.

If MAIL_CHECK_ENAB is set to yes, they are also used to define the MAIL environment variable.

MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)

Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

La valeur par défaut est 0, ce qui signifie qu'il n'y a pas de limites pour le nombre de membres dans un groupe.

Cette fonctionnalité (groupe découpé) permet de limiter la longueur des lignes dans le fichier de groupes. Ceci est utile pour s'assurer que les lignes pour les groupes NIS ne sont pas plus grandes que 1024 caractères.

Si vous avez besoin de configurer cette limite, vous pouvez utiliser 25.

Remarque : les groupes découpés ne sont peut-être pas pris en charge par tous les outils (même dans la suite d'outils Shadow). Vous ne devriez pas utiliser cette variable, sauf si vous en avez vraiment besoin.

SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)

If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each new user.

The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)

If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each new user.

The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

FICHIERS

/etc/group

Informations sur les groupes.

/etc/gshadow

Informations sécurisées sur les groupes.

/etc/login.defs

Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cachés « shadow password ».

/etc/passwd

Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs.

/etc/shadow

Informations sécurisées sur les comptes utilisateurs.

/etc/subgid

Per user subordinate group IDs.

/etc/subuid

Per user subordinate user IDs.

VOIR AUSSI

chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8), userdel(8).

19/04/2024 shadow-utils 4.6